Honing machine



. June 8, 1937. A. M. JOHNSON 2,083,194

HONING MACHINE 5? I 5 I a 46 66 j 66 6 J 16 Q INVENTOQ (/7/Z7er/ )fd'ohnson 4, WWW M dITTOQNEYS Patented June 8,1937

' UNITED STATES HONING MACHINE Albert Johnson, Rockford, Ill., assignor to Barnes Drill Company, Rockford, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application August 11, 1934, Serial No. "139,331

- 13 cam. (01. 74-22) Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical section taken The invention relates generally to machine tools and more particularly to machine tools of the honing machine type.

The general object of the invention is to pro- 5 vide a honing machine for finishing the interior surfaces of cylinders, which is capable of being manufactured and sold at a relatively ,low cost so as to be available for use in motor repair.

shops, tool rooms, and the like.

It is also an object to provide a honing machine which is of a portable character capable of being mounted directly upon and supported by the work itself, as in the case of motor cylinder blocks, or may be mounted upon a bench or other support separate from the work.

A'further object is to provide a honing machine having a spindle and a mechanically operating reciprocating mechanism imparting motion to the spindle at a uniform rate in both directions and reversing its direction of travel rapidly without shock.

Still another object is to provide, a honing machine having a spindle reciprocating mechanism of simple and rugged construction, which is susceptible of easy manual control so that the range of operation of the honing tool may be varied at will relative to the surface operated upon.

A further object is to provide a honing ma- 3ilchine in which the hone may be set to reciprocate automatically through a predetermined range, and in which a manually operable 'con- -trol of the reciprocation may readily be superimposed thereon to permit the operation of the 'hone to be confined to any part of said range without changing the setting for the automatic control. 1

Another object is to provide an automatic control mechanism for governing the reciprocation 40 of the spindle including a double acting clutch means and a load and fire device therefor with means for rendering said device ineffective to permit of easy manual operation of the clutch:

' on the line s a of Fig. 2.

on the line 44 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are fragmentary views showing the mechanism controlling the reciprocatio of the spindle in various positions.

Fig. 91s a fragmentary horizontal section taken on the line 9-9 01 Fig. 6.

In the embodiment of the invention shown, the improved machine comprises generally a supporting structure preferably having a base plate I from which rises a column 8 carrying at its upper end a head 9 carrying a casing i2 in which is supported for endwise and rotational movements a tool spindle IS. The base plate "I is. adapted to be mounted upon a work-bench or other suitable support, or it may be mounted directly upon the work, being herein shown as resting upon the cylinder biock'A of air-internal combustion engine. 1 It will be understood, however, that the ordinary base and column con- 'struction may be employed when it is desired to support the machine directly on the floor. Within the casing I 2 is the drive mechanism for im parting rotational and reciprocatory movements to the spindle by power derived from a suitable source-such as an electric motor ll mounted on the casing and having a control switch II. A honing or lapping tool (not shown) is adapted to be flexibly suspended from the tool spindle in the usual way.

My invention concerns primarily a mechanically operatingmechanism for imparting endwise movements to the spindle in opposite directions but at a uniform rate of speed, which mechanism is of a character such as to-insure a sturdy and durable construction capable of being manufactured and sold at a relatively low cost. Further, the invention involves the provision of a control mechanism of simple character tool spindle so as tobe responsive to the reciprocatory movements thereof, in the normal opera- 5 tion of the machine, for determining the direction of endwise movement of the spindle.

In the preferred embodimentof the invention,

the differential screw and nut device is composed of a screw it, connected with a spindle by being made rigid therewith, and a nut It encircling the screw; and the clutch means comprises two friction clutches I1 and It spaced apart axially of Y the screw I, with a common actuator l8 interposed between the clutches. The clutches are operable alternately in the operation of the machine to connect the nut with two axially spaced elements 20 and 20'- relatively rotatable at a predetermined speed ratio. 10 the upper one 2| is stationary. Hence when engaged by the clutch I! it acts to hold the nut stationary, sothat the spindle in its rotation moves axially downward. The other element (herein in the form of a flanged sleeve) is arl5 ranged for continuous rotation at a speed twice the speed of rotation of the screw but in the same direction, so that when the nut is connected to this element by the clutch It, the spindle is moved endwise in a reverse direction but at the 20 same rate of movement as before.

The nut I6 is in the form of an elongated tubular element or sleeve held against axial movement and having its lower end portion internally threaded for engagement with the screw ll. At

its upper end the nut is supported in the casing I! through the medium of a bearing (and at a point below the bearing is operatively associated with the. upper clutch H for connection with the upper fixed element II. Similarly, the lower end of the nut is operatively associated with the lower clutch II for connection thereby with the constantly driven element 2|.

The clutch means may be of any ordinary or preferred construction, but in order to avoid the shock of starting and stopping the nut and thus insure smoothness in operation, I employ clutches of the friction-disk-type engageable by the operation of dogs 22 and 22' in the alternate shifting movement of the actuator it, the dogs being 4 mounted upon collars 22' adiustably mounted on the nut. Inasmuch as the construction is of a well known character, it will be sufficient to say that the clutches comprise coacting friction disks. the disks of the upper clutch being adapted 4 when engaged to connect the nut with the stationary element II which is in the form of a cup-shaped cap 28 on the casing, and those of 'the lower clutch serving to connect the nut with the driven element II, which for this purpose, has its upper end portion cup-shaped in form.

The element 2. constitutes the outer one of twoconcentric sleeves encircling the spindle. The inner sleeve 2 depends somewhat below the outer sleeve 20 and has .asplined connection with the spindle so as to constitute a driving element therefor permitting of endwise movements of the .spindle. This inner sleeve is driven constantly at a reduced rate by a spur gear train connecting the sleeve and element 20. Herein this train is composed of a spur gear 28 fixed on the inner sleeve, a pinion 26 and a gear 21 mounted on a stub shaft 28 parallel with the spindle, and a gear 2! fast relative to the outer sleeve. It will be understood that this gearing is'so prfiportioned that the screw together with the spindle it is driven at a speed one-half that of theconstantly driven element 20. To support the inner sleeve at its lower end, a bearing 30 is provided in the lower wall of the casing l2.

Referring now to Figs; 2iand 3, the driving connection between the motor It and the constantly driven element or sleeve 20, will be apparent. It consists of a shaft 3|. connected by lntermeshing gears. 12 and 33 with the motor 75 shaft and projecting horizontally through one Of these elements,

- side of the casing l2, the latter having forthis purpose a lateral enlargement 34 (Fig. 2). The shaft 3| in turn carries a worm 35 meshing with a spiral gear 36 fast on theelement or sleeve 20. Preferably, the shaft projects forwardly through the casing and is provided with a handwheel 36 by which the drive mechanism may be operated manually when desired.

While provision is made for the operation of' the clutch actuator is manually when desired, as hereinafter more fully set forth, in the normal operation of the machine the clutch means is.

responsive to the' endwise movements of the spindle. For this purpose, the control mechanism includes a clutch shifting mechanism comprising a reclprocatory rod (4 connected with the clutch actuator and having a series of stops there on for cooperation with a stop member on the tool spindle. In the present embodiment, the rod 44 is slidably supported at its lower end in a bracket 45 (Fig. 1) secured to one side of the column H and is guided at its upper end in the top and bottom walls of the casing H. The upper end of the'rod projects from the casing for a reason to be hereinafter described.

The connection between the rod and the clutch actuator It comprises an arm 46 forked at one end for engagement in a groove 46 in the actuator I9. At its opposite end the arm has an elongated hub mounted on the rod 44.

The stops on the control rod 44 are three in number. They comprise upper and lower stops 41 and and an intermediate stop 48. The former are similar in character, each comprising an arm adiustably secured to the rod and carrying at its free end a roller 49 for engagement with a stop member 50 on the tool spindle, which stop member is in the form of a disk suitably fixed to the spindle. The intermediate stop is in the form of a plunger (Fig. 9) carrying a roller 52 at its free end and slidable axially against the action of a spring 53 in one side of a casting It adjustably secured on the rod. On the end of the plunger opposite the roller 52 isv fixed a knurled head 55, the arrangement being such that by grasping the head 55, the roller may be withdrawn manually against the action of the the spindle. I

As shown in Fig. l, the upper stop 41 constitutes an upper limit stop and in the normal operation of the machine, the stop disk 50 on the spring out of the range of the stop disk 50 on spindle alternately engages with the lower and intermediate stops it and 41" to shift the control rod in opposite directions. These two stops are of course, adjusted axially of the rod in accordance with the length of stroke desired. When a given operation has been finished, the plunger may be withdrawn manually to carry its roller clear of the stop disk 50 and thus effect a withdrawal of the honing tool from the work.

' movement on the underside of the top wall of the casing l2 and urged by a spring ll in the direction of 'a wedge-shaped dog '1 carried-by the rod 44. Said dog is formed integral with a sleeve on the end of the rod 44 projecting through the top wall of the casing, the

sleeve being held against axial movement by a.

connection with the control rod formed by mounting the hub'portion 46, of the arm for axial slid'ing movement on the control/ rod between the lower end of the dog supporting sleeve 51' and a block 59 (Figs. 2 and 3) adjustably secured on the control rod. The parts are so proportioned that the control rod is shifted by the stops axially in either direction, depending upon the direction of the tool spindle, a distance sufficient only to carry the wedge-shaped dog =51 beyond dead-center position with respect to the plunger 56, whereupon the plunger, actuated by its spring 56', engages with the dog 51 to shift the latter axially. When this occurs, no further relative movement between the control rod and the clutch shifting arm is permitted so that the clutch actuator is shifted axially to change the driving connection for the differential screw and nut device, thus reversing the direction of movement of the spindle.

In the relation of the parts shown in Fig. 6,

the lower clutch i8 has been engaged so that the tool spindle would in the operation of the differential screw and nut device be moving up wardly. 'At the end of the upward stroke, the control rod is shifted upwardly by the'stop disk to condition the load and'fire device, at which time the block 59 on the control rod engages with the hub of the clutch-shifting arm. In the ensuing action of the load and fire device, the lower clutch i8 is disengaged and the upper clutch l1 engaged, thereby reversing the direction of the spindle. Similarly as shown in Fig. 7, at the end of the downward stroke of the spindle, the control rod is drawn downwardly by the coacting stops to carry the wedge-shaped dog 5! beyond dead-center position, whereupon the lower end of the dog sleeve 51 is forced into complished in the present instance by shaping the block 59 on the control rod so as to engage with a fiat bearing surface 60 on the wall of the casing l2 (Fig. 3). the block being fixed to the rod by means of a set screw 59". .To counterbalance the weight of' the control rod and its associated parts, a spring 8| is preferably interposed. between the bottom wall of the' casing and the block 59.

It is desirable at times to control the necipro cation of the spindle manually. For example, it is frequentlyidesirable to produce a reciprocation of the honing tool relative to some particular portion of the surfacebein'gfinished,and todo this it is necessary to provide for a short strok-' ing of the spindle at any selected point lengthwise of said surface. This result is accomplished simply by rendering the load and fire device ineffective, and by providing a manual operator for shifting the control rod and thereby the clutch means.

To disable the load and fire device, the dog sleeve 51' (Fig. 4) while held against axial movement relative to the control rod, is made rotatable relatively thereto, and the upper projecting end of the sleeve has fixed thereto a collar carrying a shifting handle in the form of a rod 63. inoperative position is limited by a pin 64 (Fig. 2) rising from the hub of. the clutch-shifting arm 46 and projecting into the path of the dog.

Provision is made for the manual operation .0f the control rod by means of an arm 65 (Figs. 2 and 5) fixed on a horizontal shaft 65 in a lateralprojection of the casing 12 and having a forked inner end engaging with a pin 66 on the hub of the clutch-shifting arm 46. One end Rotational movement (of the dog into its",

of .the shaft 6591s extended and carries an axially movable hand lever 61 conveniently accessible to the operator. A disengageable connection between the handle and shaft is formed by a pin 68 on the shaft and a groove 69 in the hub of the hand lever.

It will be observed (Fig. 3) that with the load is used for the manual operation as for the automatic operation.

For the purpose of initially entering the honing tool into the work, a suitable guide means (not shown) may be employed, so that it is only necessary for the operator to start the motor 14- by the operation of switch I I. At this time the load and fire device is in operative position and the upper clutch I1 is engaged tohold the nut i6 stationary. Accordingly, the spindle will move downwardly to carry the stop disk 50 first past the intermediate stop member 48 (the latter having been temporarily shifted into inactive position by the operator) and into engagement with the lower stop member 41 on the control rod. When the latter has been moved with the spindle to carry the dog il of the load and fire device beyond dead-center relation with respect to its plunger, therod is shifted by the action of the load and fire device, as shown in Fig. 6.

As a result of such downward shifting of the control rod by the load and fire device, the upper clutch I1 is disengaged and the lower clutch I8 engaged so that the nut I6 is driven at a speed twice the speed of the spindle, but in the same direction, with the result that the spindle is moved upwardly at the same speed as in the downward movement. At the end ofa predetermined upward stroke-the intermediate stop 48 is engaged by the stop disk on the spindle to shift the control rod upwardly until the load and fire device becomes effective to continue the clutch-shifting operation and cause engagement of the upper clutch I! to stop the rotation of the nut and hold it stationary. It will be ob-1 served in this connection that in the shifting movements of the control rod 44 by the coacting stops, movement is not imparted to the clutch actuator I8 by the rod, because of the lost motion connection between the clutch-shifting arm 46 and the rod, formed between the block 59 on the rod and the dog carrying sleeve 51'.

When the honing operation is finished the intermediate stop member is withdrawn, permitting the stop diskto clear this member. whereupon the honing tool is withdrawn from the workand the stop disk thereon carried into engagement with the upper limit stop 41 at which time the machine may be brought to rest by operating the motor switch ll.

5 For the manual operation of the machine, the

load and fire device is disabled by the operation of the handle rod 63 and the clutch means operated directly through the medium of the hand lever 61.

honing machine or the like of relatively simple construction, which may be built at low cost and in small sizes so as to be especially adapted for use in tool rooms, machine shops, garages and the like, as contrasted with large machines whose cost of manufacture renders such usually prohibitive. Accordingly, the range of usefulness of such machines is increased, making it possible for small manufacturers and repair men to obtain the highly desirable mirror-like finish for bearing surfaces such as are found in small cylinders, bushings, and the like. Of primary importance in the construction of the machine is the differential screw and nut device which has been found to be especially advantageous in effecting the rapid reciprocation of the spindle. Heretofore, mechanically operating reciprocating mechanisms-employed in such machines have generally taken the form of some cam means or cranks, but such devices have proven impracticable on account of the peculiar char- ,acter of the spindle movements required to perform successfully the honing operation. This operation by its very nature requires accuracy in the removal of the metal from the surface being finished, and in order to secure uniformity, avoid bell-mouth or taper, it is essential that the endwise movement of the spindle be reversed instantaneously and without dwell, a result which is practically impossible with the use of cams,

cranks and thelike.

Another feature of importance is the use in combination with the differential screw and nut device of friction clutches for stopping and starting the nut effectually, but without shock. In practice, it 'has been found that by the use of such clutches in combination with the differential screw and nut device, smoothness of operation is insured notwithstanding a rapid rate of reciprocation.

ments may be employed involving difi'erent speed I ratios, but without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as defined inthe appended claims.

I claim as my invention: 1.- A honing machine comprising, in combina tion, a tool spindle mounted for endwise and ro- 7 tational movements, a constantly driven element concentric with the spindle, a differential screw and nut device including a screw rigid with the spindle and a nut threaded on said screw, means connecting said spindle with said driven element 7 for rotation thereby at a reduced speed, a sta- It will be observed that I have provided a Still, another feature which is particularly tionary part spaced axially from said driven element, and friction clutch means interposed between said driven element and said stationary part and operative alternately to connect said nut with said driven element and said stationary part.

2. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a constantly driven toolspindle mounted for endwise movements, a screw rigid with the spindle, a nut engaging said screw, and driving means including two friction clutches spaced apart axially of the screw and having a common actuator interposed therebetween, said driving means including mechanism for driving said nut at twice the speed of the screw and said clutches being alternately operable to hold the nut stationary in one phase of operation and to connect the nut with said mechanism to drive the nut at 1 a speed twice the speed of the screw in another phase of operation.

3. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a constantly driven tool spindle mounted for endwise movements, a screw rigid with the spindle, a nut engaging said screw, and driving mechanism including clutch means alternately coaxial therewith and a screw and nut device having a changeable differential driving connection with said element and being operable to impart endwise movements to the spindle at a uniform rate in opposite directions, and means operable to change said connection periodically from differential to non-differential to eifect reciprocation of the spindle.

5. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a tool spindle mounted for endwise and rotational movements, driving means for the spindle including a constantly driven element and a difierential screw and nut device having variable driving connection with said element and operative when in differential action to impart endwise movement in one direction to'the spindle and including a screw having a continuous driving connection with said driven element,

and a nut engaging said screw and having a disengageable driving connection with meat.

6. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a tool spindle mounted for endwise and rotational movements, driving means for the spindle including aconstantly driven element and a differential screw and nut device having variable driving connection with said element and including a, screwconnected with the spindle and having a'continuous' driving connection with said element for rotation thereby at a reduced speed and a nut engaging said screw, a stationary part, and clutch means alternately operable to connect said nut with said element to cause differential action between the screw and nut to move the spindle endwise in one direction and thereafter to connect the nut with said part to effect nondifierential action between the nut and the screw to move the spindle endwise in the opposite direction.

7. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a constantly driven toolspindle mounted for endwise movements, means for imparting rapid reciprocatory motion to said spindle at a said eleuniform rate in opposite directions including a constantly driven element, a second element operatively connected with said spindle and a friction clutch for periodically connecting said ele- 5 ments, and means responsive to the movements v of the spindle for controlling said clutch.

8. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a constantly driven tool spindle mounted for endwise movements, means for imparting rapid reciprocatory motion to said spindle at a uniform rate in opposite directions including a constantly driven element, a second element operatively connected with said spindle and'a friction clutch for periodically connecting said elements, and means responsive to the movements of the spindle for controlling said clutch, the lastmentioned means including a clutch shifting member, a load and fire device for actuating said clutch shifting member, and means directly responsive to'the movements of the spindle and serving to render said load and fire device, effective.

9. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a tool spindle mounted for endwise and ro- 25 tational movements, means for reciprocating the spindle having a controlling clutch, means for actuating said clutch automatically in response to the movements of the spindle including a. movable member, means for actuating said member automatically in response to the movements of the spindle including a load and fire device, means for manually actuating said clutch member, and means for disabling said load and fire device during the manual operation of the clutch.

10. A honing machinelcomprising, in combination, a tool spindle mounted for endwise and rotational movements, means for reciprocating the spindle comprising a controlling clutch having an actuator, means for operating said clutch automatically in response to the endwise movements of the spindle including a shifting member directly connected with said clutch actuator, a control rod having a lost-motion connection with said member, and a load and fire device conditioned by said rod as an incident to the movements of the spindle and operative to move said member,

manually operable means for actuating said member directly, and means for disabling the load and fire device at will.

11. A honing machine comprising, in combination, a tool spindle mounted for endwise and rotational movements, means for reciprocating.

the spindle including a movable control member, a control rod responsive to the movements of the spindle and having a lost-motion connection with said member, a load and fire device conditioned by the movements of said control rod to shift said member, a hand lever conected with said member, said load and fire device including a dog shiftable relative to said rod, and manually operable means for shifting said dog to disable the load and fire device.

12. A honing machine having, ,in combination, a tool spindle mounted for endwise and rotational movements, mechanically operating means for reciprocating the spindle including two clutches respectively operable for controlling said means to impart endwise movements to the spindle in opposite directions and having a common actuator, means including a shiftable control member and a plurality of coacting stops operative in the endwise movements of the spindle to move said shiftable control member, a load and fire device conditioned by the movements of the control member to operate said clutch-actuator, means operative at will to disable said load and fire device, and manually operable means for operating said clutch actuator after said load and fire device has been disabled.

13. A honing machine having, in combination,

a tool spindle mounted for endwise and rotational movements, mechanically operating means for reciprocating the spindledncluding two clutches respectively operable for controlling said means to impart endwise movements to the spindle in opposite directions, said means coacting with said spindle to.impart thereto the same rate of travel in each of said opposite directions, said clutches having a common actuating member, and manually operable means for operating said actuating member. I v

. ALBERT M. JOIlNSON. 

